Pathologies and eye surgery
KERATOCONUS
   What is keratoconus
   Optical correction
   Keratoconus:
   Can cornea transplant be avoided?
   M.A.R.K.
   Cross-linking
   I.C.R.S. or Intracorneal Rings
   Combined techiques
   Cornea Transplant

VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
REFRACTIVE SURGERY
AND LASER TREATEMENT
IN VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS
(Myopia, Hyperopia, Myopic
Astigmatism and Hyperopic Astigmatism, Presbyopia)

LASER TREATMENT FOR MYOPIA
THE EXCIMER LASER
PRK
LASIK
iLASIK
LASEK
EPILASIK
RADIAL KERATOTOMY
SUBSTITUTION OF THE NATURAL CRYSTALLINE LENS
IMPLANT OF PHAKIC LENS

CATARACT SURGERY
   Phacoemulsification
GLAUCOMA
RETINAL DISEASES
STRABISMUS

COMBINED TECHNIQUES

New modalities of treatment continue to be applied and studied for the conservative treatment of keratoconus worldwide.

It is well known that these treatments have precise limitations regarding the achieved goals, these limits must be accepted because they are specific to each treatment. However, in order to benefit from the diverse goals of different treatments, it has been seen that it is possible to combine a number of techniques when indicated by the patients conditions.

Combination treatments consisting of crosslinking and I.C.R.S are currently in use in the U.S.A. This combined treatment associates the improvement of visual acuity following adoption of the intracorneal ring with the increase of corneal resistance obtained with crosslinking treatment.

In Italy Dr. Abbondanza has adopted combined M.A.R.K and crosslinking treatment. When indicated, this combination treatment allows the best final result. In M.A.R.K surgery the mini incisions allow reduction of corneal curvature and astigmatism and allow significant improvement of visual performance, while the association of crosslinking allows the necessary increase of corneal resistance thus stabilizing the cornea. Dr. Abbondanza has acquired considerable experience with this technique and has published numerous International publications in this field.